Prevalence of Depression Symptoms in Outpatients with a Complaint of Headache

Original Research

The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine 22 (6): 633-637 (2009)
DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2009.06.070098
© 2009 American Board of Family MedicineRobert A. Marlow, MD, MA, Cynthia L. Kegowicz, MD and Kimberly N. Starkey, BA
From the Scottsdale Healthcare Family Medicine Residency Program, Scottsdale, Arizona
Correspondence: Corresponding author: Robert A. Marlow, MD, MA, Scottsdale Healthcare Family Medicine, 7301 E. 2nd Street, Suite 210, Scottsdale, AZ 85251 (E-mail: rmarlow@shc.org)

Purpose: This case-control study was designed to determine whether adults who present to a primary care office with a chief complaint of headache have more reported symptoms of depression than adults presenting with other problems.
Methods: Adult, English-speaking patients who presented to a primary care office with a chief complaint of headache were matched to adult patients of the same age and sex who presented with problems other than headache. All participants completed the PRIME-MD 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire as a screen for depression.
Results: A total of 200 participants entered the study. The mean age of the participants was 43.8 years (range, 18–87 years). Women constituted 84% of the participants. Of those patients who presented with headache, 32% had a likelihood of possible major depressive disorder compared with 12% in the patients presenting without headache.
Conclusions: Almost one-third of adult patients who present to a primary care office with a complaint of headache report moderate symptoms of depression when screened compared with approximately 10% of patients presenting with a complaint other than headache. Given such a high prevalence of these symptoms, primary care physicians should screen all adult patients who present with headache for depression